Astronomy
630 – Planetary Systems Science – Spring 2013
Reading
Materials
Introduction:
M 1/7 Introduction/organization (Video (only partial video for this lecture), Slides)
Lecturer:
Howard
Topics:
Organization and expectations for class, overview of Solar System
Reading:
none
W 1/9 Orbital Mechanics (Video, Slides)
Lecturer:
Howard
Topics:
2,3 body problem, perturbations, Hill sphere, non-gravs, Tides, rotation, shape,
tidal torques, orbital evolution
Reading: Notes on orbital mechanics from K. Meech
Supplementary
reference: Chapter 2 of Planetary Sciences, 2nd
Ed. by de Pater and Lissauer
(available
in the library)
Solar System Basics:
M 1/14 Orbit Determination (Video, no slides)
Lecturer:
Dave Tholen
Topics:
Estimating an orbit from measurements
Reading:
none
Supplementary
references: Taff (1984), On Initial Orbit Determination,
Astronomical Journal, 89, 1426
Marsden
(1985), Initial Orbit Determination: The PragmatistÕs Point of View, Astronomical Journal, 90, 1541.
W 1/16 Planetary gravity fields (Video, slides)
Lecturer:
Andrew Howard
Topics:
Planetary rotation, precession, gravity fields
Reading:
Section 2.5 of Planetary Sciences, 2nd Ed. by de Pater and Lissauer
(library)
Sections
4.3, 4.5, 4.7 of Solar System Dynamics by Murray and Dermott (library)
W 1/23 The Sun (Video, slides)
Lecturer:
Shadia Habbal
Topics:
Overview of the Sun, solar magnetism, solar wind
References:
Textbooks: The Solar Corona by Golub
and Pasachoff; Physics of the Solar Corona,
by Aschwanden; Basic Space Plasma Physics by Baumjohann and Treumann; The
Physics of Fluids and Plasmas, Choudhuri; Space Physics by Kallenrode
Articles
on eclipse observations: Habbal et al., ApJ 734, 120 (2011); Habbal et
al., ApJ 719, 1362 (2010); Habbal
et al., ApJ 663, 598 (2007)
M 1/28 Solar Wind I (Video, slides, supplementary animation)
Lecturer:
Shadia Habbal
Topics:
Interaction with planetary magnetospheres and ionospheres
Handout:
Notes: Inference of local plasma
parameters in the corona (electron temperature, species temperature, electron
density, outflow speed, non-thermal motions)
W 1/30 Solar Wind II (Video, slides, two supplementary vides of
Comet LoveJoy: #1 and #2 )
Lecturer:
Shadia Habbal
Topics:
Interaction with minor bodies of the Solar System
References:
Baumjohann and Treumann, Basic Space Plasma Physics, Imperial College Press,
1999
Kallenrode,
M. B., Space Physics, Springer, 2000
Luhmann,
J., in Introduction to Space Physics, Kivelson & Russell (eds), 1997
Hughes,
W., in Introduction to Space Physics, Kivelson & Russell (eds), 1997
Vidotto,
A. A., MNRAS, 414, 1573 (2011)
Vidotto,
A. A., Astron & Geophys, 54, February 2013
M 2/4 Student Led Discussion (Video)
Topics:
Solar System Basics
Assignment:
Discussion #1
Planet Formation:
W 2/6 Light Scattering basics (Video, slides)
Lecturer:
Karen Meech
Topics:
Albedos, scattering, Radiometry, Radiation pressure / Poynting Robertson / Yorp
Effects
Reading: Notes scattering from surfaces
from Karen Meech
Notes on forces affecting small particles from Karen Meech
Bidirectional Reflectance Spectroscopy, 2002, Icarus, by B. Hapke
The surface composition of Iapetus: Mapping results from Cassini
VIMS, 2012, Icarus, by Clark et al.
The Near Infrared Spectrum of Miranda, 2002, Icarus, by Bauer et al.
Asteroid Space Weathering and Regolith Evolution, by Clark et al.
An Introduction to Atmospheric Radiation by K. Liou
From paper in Physical Studies of Minor Planets, NASA Sp 267 (1971) by J. Veverka
Surface temparature of the nucleus of Comet 9P/Tempel 1, 2007, Icarus, by Groussin et al.,
M 2/11 Protoplanetary disks/dust (Video, slides)
Lecturer:
Jonathan Williams
Topics:
Protoplanetary disk observations, Jeans collapse, planet forming constraints
Reading:
Protoplanetary Disks and their Evolution, by J. Williams and L. Cieza, 2011
Dynamics of Protoplanetary Disks, by
P. Armitage, 2011
W 2/13 Isotopes in the Solar System (Video, slides)
Lecturer:
Gary Huss
Topics:
D/H and water, oxygen self shielding (meteorites), early heating
Reading:
Marty, B. (2011). The origins and concentrations of water, carbon, nitrogen and
noble gases on Earth, Earth and Planetary Science
Letters 313–314 (2012) 56–66
Grevesse
N., Asplund M. and Sauval A. J. (2007) The solar chemical composition. Space
Science Reviews 130, 105-114. - A discussion of solar system abundances from
the perspective of astrophysics.
Lodders
K. (2003) Solar system abundances and condensation temperatures of the
elements. Astrophysical Journal 591, 1220-1247. - A comprehensive discussion of
the solar system abundances or the elements from the perspective of a
cosmochemist.
McKeegan
K. D. et al. (2011) The oxygen isotopic composition of the Sun inferred from
captured solar wind. Science 332, 1528-1532.
McSween
H. Y. Jr. and Huss G. R. (2010) Cosmochemistry. Cambridge University Press. 549
pp. - Chapter 4 discusses solar system abundances. Chapter 5 discusses presolar
grains. Chapter 6 discusses meteorite classification. Chapter 7 discusses
chemical fractionations. Chapters 8 and 9 discuss solar system chronology with
an emphasis on radiometric dating. Chapter 14 discusses cosmochemical models
for the formation of the solar system.
Nittler
L. R. (2003) Presolar stardust in meteorites: recent advances and scientific
frontiers. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 209, 259-273. - A good
accessible review of presolar grains in meteorites.
W 2/20 Planet formation (Video; slides)
Lecturer:
Nader Haghighipour
Topics:
Planetesimal growth, giant planet formation
Reading:
Super-Earths: A New Class of Planetary Bodies, N. Haghighipour, Contemporary Physics, Vol. 52, No. 5,
September–October 2011, 403–438
The
Formation and Dynamics of Super-Earth Planets, N. Haghighipour, Annual Review
of Earth and Planetary Sciences, vol. 41 (May 2013)
J.
Blum and G. Wurm, The growth mechanisms of macroscopic bodies in protoplanetary
disks, Ann. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 46 (2008), pp. 21–56.
A.
Johansen, J.S. Oishi, M.-M. Mac Low, H. Klahr, Hubert, T. Henning, and A.
Youdin, Rapid planetesimal formation in turbulent circumstellar disks, Nature
448 (2007), pp. 1022–1025.
J.N.
Cuzzi, R.C. Hogan, and K. Shariff, Toward planetesimals: dense chondrule clumps
in the protoplanetary nebula, Astrophys. J. 687 (2008), pp. 1432–1447.
E.
Chiang and A.N. Youdin, Forming planetesimals in solar and extrasolar nebulae,
Ann. Rev. Earth. Planet. Sci. 38 (2010), pp. 493–522.
Building
Terrestrial Planets, Morbidelli, A.; Lunine, J. I.; O'Brien, D. P.; Raymond, S.
N.; Walsh, K. J. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, vol. 40, issue
1, pp. 251-275
F 2/22 Planet dynamics (Video, with audio drop-out after 52 min; slides, starting on page #48)
Lecturer:
Nader Haghighipour
Topics:
Planetesimal growth, Grand Tack Model, NICE Model
Reading:
Solar System Dynamics, C. Murray and S. Dermott (available at IfA library)
(see
also references from previous lecture)
M 2/25 Student Led Discussion (Video)
Topics:
Planet Formation, disks, isotopes in the Solar System
Assignment:
Debate!
Small
Bodies:
W 2/27 Asteroids (Video; see reading below for the material projected in class)
Lecturer:
Dave Tholen
Topics:
Asteroid formation, classification, resonances, taxonomies, missions
Reading:
Asteroid Taxonomy
M 3/4 Icy Satellites (Video; slides)
Lecturer:
Kevin Hand
Topics:
Formation, physical properties, interesting cases: Europa, Enceladus, Titan
W 3/6 Comets I (Video, slides)
Lecturer:
Karen Meech
Topics:
Comet physics
Reading:
Hearn et al. (2012), Cometary volatiles and the Origins of Comets, ApJ, 758:29
Mumma,
M. and Charnley, S.B. (2011), The Chemical Composition of Comets – Emerging Taxonomies and
Natal Heritage, Annual Reviews of Astronomy and
Astrophysics, 49, 471
M 3/11 Comets II (Video, slides)
Lecturer:
Karen Meech
Topics:
Relation to early solar system, mission results
Reading:
see readings above
W 3/13 NEA Hazards & surveys (Video, slides)
Lecturer:
Rob Jedicke
Topics:
Hazard probability, statistics, characterization, mitigation
Reading:
NRC Report: Defending Planet Earth: Near-Earth Object Surveys and
Hazard Mitigation Strategies
Observational Selection Effects in Asteroid Surveys and Estimates
of Asteroid Population Sizes, by R.
Jedicke
New Generation Ground-Based Optical/Infrared Telescopes, by A. Tokunaga & R. Jedicke
M 3/18 Student Lead Discussion (Video)
Topics:
Small bodies and impacts
Assignment: Congressional Briefing (group signup)
Planetary Atmospheres and Interiors:
W 3/20 Atmospheric Structure (Video, slides)
Lecturer:
Andrew Howard
Topics:
Scale heights, thermal structure, escape & evolution, specific atmospheres
Reading:
Chapter 4 of Planetary Sciences by
Lissauer & de Pater (available in the library)
M 4/1 Exoplanetary atmospheres (Video, slides)
Lecturer:
Andrew Howard
Topics:
Measurements: detection and characterization
Reading:
Exoplanet Atmospheres, by Seager
& Deming, Annual Reviews of Astronomy and Astrophysics, 48, 631, 2010
Giant
Planet Atmospheres, by Burrows & Orton, in Exoplanets (2010), ed. S. Seager
(available in the library)
W 4/3 Giant Planet interiors (Video, slides)
Lecturer:
Andrew Howard
Topics:
Equations of state; ESP & SS examples
Reading:
Theory of Giant Planets, by W. B.
Hubbard et al., Annual Reviews of Astronomy and Astrophysics, 40, 103, 2002
6.1
and 6.4 of Planetary Sciences by
Lissauer & de Pater (available in the library)
M 4/8 Ice in the Inner Solar System (from
Surfaces block) [Video, slides]
Lecturer:
Norbert Schorghofer
Topics: Phase diagram, where is ice in SS,
longevity, states of ice.
Reading:
The Science of Solar System Ices, by Murthy S. Gudipati and J. Castillo-Rogez
Ed. Astrophysics and Space Science Library 356 (available in library) Springer
2013
Planetary
Surface Processes, by J. Melosh, Cambridge University Press (2011)
W 4/10 Surface Processes: Glacial, Fluvial, Aeolian
(from Surfaces block) [Video, slides]
Lecturer:
Norbert Schorghofer
Topics:
Ice physics, comparison of Earth/Mars
Reading:
Planetary Surface Processes, by J. Melosh, Cambridge University Press (2011)
M 4/15 Terrestrial planet interiors (Video, slides)
Lecturer:
Andrew Howard
Topics:
Equations of state; ESP & SS examples, tectonics, magnetism
Reading:
Mass-Radius Relationships for Solid
Exoplanets, by Seater et al., ApJ, 669, 1279, (2007)
Ocean Planet or Thick Atmosphere: On the
Mass-Radius Relationship for Solid Exoplanets with Massive Atmospheres, by
Adams et al., ApJ, 673, 1160 (2008)
6.2
and 6.3 of Planetary Sciences by
Lissauer & de Pater (available in the library)
W 4/17 Impact Mechanics and cratering (from Surfaces block) [Video, slides]
Lecturer:
Brendan Hermalyn
Topics:
Cratering mechanics & energies, volatile loss, dating
Reading:
K. R. Housen, R. M. Schmidt, and K. A. Holsapple. Crater Ejecta Scaling Laws -
Fundamental Forms Based on Dimensional Analysis. JGR, 88:2485–2499, Mar.
1983.
K.
A. Holsapple. The scaling of impact processes in planetary sciences. Annual
Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 21:333–373, 1993.
Gault,
D. E. (1974, July). Impact cratering. In A primer in lunar geology (Vol. 1, pp.
137-175).
D.
Stšffler, G. Ryder, Stratigraphy and Isotope Ages of Lunar Geologic Units: Chronological
Standard for the Inner Solar System. Space Science Reviews April 2001,
Volume 96, Issue 1-4, pp 9-54
William
K. Hartmann, Gerhard Neukum. Cratering Chronology and the Evolution of Mars.
Space Science Reviews April 2001, Volume 96, Issue 1-4, pp 165-194
M 4/22 Student Lead Discussion (Video)
Topics:
Planetary Interiors and Atmospheres
Assignment:
Mission Reports (Doodle poll)
Surfaces:
W 4/24 Volcanism (Video, slides)
Lecturer:
Jeff Taylor
Topics:
Volcanic processes, land forms, magma chemistry, climate effects
Reading:
M 4/29 Dating techniques (Video, slides)
Lecturer:
Karen Meech
Topics:
radioactive decay processes + isotopes, impact crater dating, cosmic ray
exposure ages
Reading:
Scaned book chapters
W 5/1 Student Lead Discussion (Video)
Topics:
Mars
Assignment:
Mars (Doodle poll)